الأفعال المركبة Phrasal verbs
الأفعال المركبة هي الأفعال التي تتكون من فعل مركب من عدة كلمات. وهذا النوع من الأفعال كثير في اللغة الإنجليزية غير أنه نادر في اللغة العربية. وعادة ما يتكون من فعل وحرف جر أو فعل وظرف وحرف جر. ويعطي الفعل معنى مغايرا لما يعنيه الفعل المركب.
امثلة عن الأفعال المركبة:
الحق بالأتوبيس .Get on the bus
إقلاع الطائرة .Take off in the plane
الذهاب الى الغداء .Go out for lunch
الخروج مع الاصدقاء .Hang out with friends
كيف اتعلم الأفعال المركبة؟
اليك بعض النصائح لتتعلم هذه الأفعال واستخداماتها
- لا تخف أبداً من استخدام هذه الأفعال في محادثاتك وكتاباتك فهي جزء لا يتجزأ من اللغة الإنجليزية.
- تمتلك الكثير من الأفعال المركبة مرادفات من الأفعال ذات الجزء الواحد، فاحرص على تعلّمها.
- تذكّر أنّ الأفعال المركبة يمكن أن تمتلك أكثر من معنىً واحد وذلك بحسب السياق الذي تأتي فيه.
- تبدأ معظم حروف الجر التي تلحق بالأفعال المركبة بحرف صوتي، فتذكّر أن تصل بين الفعل وحرف الجر عند اللفظ.
ما أنواع الأفعال المركبة وكيف تستخدم عادة؟
هناك أربعة أنواع رئيسية لهذه الأفعال:
النوع الأول
أفعال مركبة تحتاج إلى مفعول به، ولا يمكنك استخدامها بدون إتباعها بمفعول به مناسب، إلا إذا كنت تسأل سؤالاً:
I came across some nice restaurants in London – صادفت عدداً من المطاعم الجميلة في لندن.
What did you come across in London? – ماذا صادفت في لندن؟
وكذلك كل من الأفعال التالية: cut out – يتوقف عن، cut down – يخفف/يقلل، check out – يتحقق من.
النوع الثاني
تحتاج هذه الزمرة من الأفعال إلى مفعول به أيضاً، لكن وبعكس النوع الأول من الأفعال المركبة، يمكن لجزئيها أن ينفصلان عن بعضهما.
Please write down your name on the top left corner of the page – دوّن اسمك في الزاوية العلوية اليسرى للصفحة رجاءً.
Please write your name down on the top left corner of the page- دوّن اسمك في الزاوية العلوية اليسرى للصفحة رجاءً.
لاحظ هنا أن المعنى لا يتغير أبداً بين المثال الأول والثاني.
وإليك بعض الأمثلة عن هذا النوع: Cheer up- يُسعّد، Clean up- يُنظف، cross out- يستبعد، figure out- يفهم.
النوع الثالث
لا تحتاج أفعال هذه المجموعة إلى مفعول به ولا يمكن الفصل بين جزأيها، وكمثال عليها:
I find it difficult to get by in Manchester – أجد صعوبةً في التأقلم في مانشستر.
I always get up at 7:00 am. – أستيقظ دائماً في الساعة 7 صباحاً.
النوع الرابع
تمتلك هذه الأفعال ثلاثة أجزاء، فعل وجزئين آخرين. كما تحتاج إلى مفعول به ولا يمكن فصلها عن بعضها. إليك هذه الأمثلة:
I look forward to seeing you soon. – أتطلع لرؤيتك قريباً.
I can’t put up with this noise any more. – لم أعد أحتمل هذه الضجة.
ومن هذه الزمرة هناك أيضاً: get along with – ينسجم مع، look out for – ينتبه إلى.
الأفعال المركبة الخمسين الأكثر استخداماً في اللغة الإنكليزية
- لقد انفصلنا من أسبوعين وما زلت لا استطيع التخلي عن فكرة اننا ممكن ان نعود سوياً
- افهمك يا صديقي، لكنني اؤمن حقاً انه لا بد لك ان تفلتها من بالك
- It’s been two weeks since we’ve broken up, but I still can’t give up the idea that we might get back together
- I get it buddy, but I truly believe that you must let her go.
هل رأيت كيف أصبحت الأفعال البسيطة في لغتنا العربية افعالاً اكثر تعقيداً حين حولناها للغة الإنكليزية؟ لكنها في الواقع سهلة جداً ان اردت ان تتعلمها، واليك أهم 50 فعل مركب في اللغة الإنكليزية وكيف تستخدمها.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل bring
Bring about
جعله يحدث – سبّب
The collapse of the gold standard brought about much of the economic turmoil of that era.
Bring about
يحقق
I hope to bring about a successful conclusion.
Bring along
يجلب احداً او شيئاً معه
I brought my uncle along to the party.
Bring around
يقنع
Sam was sure he could bring them around to the deal.
Bring around
يجلب احداً او شيئاً معه الى زيارة
He promised to bring the letter around in the morning.
Bring around
ان يتطرق الى الحديث او يجلب شيئاً الى الحديث
Eventually I brought the conversation around to the subject of money
الأفعال المركبة من فعل call
Call away
يستدعي
I was called away from the meeting to deal with a medical emergency.
Call down
يدعو على احد
I shall call down God’s wrath upon you!
Call for
يستدعي، ينادي
I leant out of the back door and called for Lucy.
Call for
ينادي او يطلب بصوت مرتفع
We finished the main course in short order and called for more wine.
Call in
يتصل
I was too unwell to work yesterday so I called in sick
Call on
يستدعي، يستخدم قواه
Exhausted, he called on his last ounce of strength.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل come
Come about
يحدث، يحصل
Can you tell me how the accident came about?
Come after
يلاحق
Don’t try to come after me.
Come back
يعود، يستذكر
Suddenly it all came back to him, the tea, the petite madeleines, his mother.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل cut
Cut back
يخفف الصرف
Example: We need to cut back heavily on office supplies. Is there another vendor we can use?
Cut off
ينتهي فجأة، ينقطع
Example: My phone call was cut off before I could get the information.
Cut up
يقسم، يقطع الى أجزاء صغيرة، يجزئ
Example: With a little practice, you can cut up a whole chicken yourself for frying.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل fall
Fall apart
ينهار
Example: My old briefcase is falling apart. I’ll have to buy a new one.
Fall down
يقع، ينهار الى الاسفل
Example: The beams supporting the roof had rotted, causing the entire house to fall down.
Fall down
يفشل
Example: That is where your reasoning falls down.
Fall for
يقع فريسه احتيال، يُخدع
Example: I can’t believe how many people still fall for the coin glued to the sidewalk.
Fall for
يقع في حب احدهم
Example: He really fell for the attractive waitress at his favorite restaurant.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Get
Get about
يتحرك
Example: I can’t get about so much since I hurt my hip.
Get ahead
يتقدم
Example: If this project goes well, it could really help me to get ahead at work.
Get along
يتفق، ينسجم مع الاخرين
Example: I wish the kids would get along better.
Get along with
ينسجم ويحصل على علاقة جيدة مع الاخرين
Example: I hope I will get along with everyone.
Get away
يهرب، يفلت من ايدي الاخرين
Example: I almost caught the critter, but it got away from me.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل give
Give away
يهدي، يعطي
Example: I didn’t like that book, so I gave it away.
Give away
يفضح احدهم، يفشي سر عن طريق الخطأ
Example: He gave himself away with a stupid lie.
Give back
يُعيد
Example: Give me back my book!
Give in
يستسلم
Example: I finally gave in and let him stay up to watch TV.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل go
Go after
يلاحق، يتبع
Example: Go after him and apologize.
Go against
يخالف، يجتاز، يكسر القانون
Example: What he did goes against the rules.
Go against
يناهض
Example: He dared not go against the King.
Go ahead
يبدأ، يشرع بشيء
Example: Go ahead and eat without me; I expect to be very late.
Go all out
ان يصرف كل شيء مسبقاً، الا يخزن شيء، الا يحتفظ بشيء
Example: They went all out for his eightieth birthday party and chartered a tour boat on the bay.
Go along
يشارك، يتعاون، يجاري
Example: I refuse to go along with another of his dangerous schemes.
Go away
يسافر
Example: Are you going away this year?
Go by
يسير دون مواجهة، يمر
Example: I like to sit and watch the world go by.
Go by
ينادى باسم كذا
Example: His full name is Ernest Tinkleton, but he goes by Ernie.
Go for
يحاول، يجرب
Example: I’ll go for the world record.
Go into
يدخل بشيء، يشارك، يُشمل بشيء، يباحث
Example: I don’t want to go into the details now.
Go off
ينطلق، يشعل، ينفجر
Example: The gun went off during their struggle.
Go off
ينفجر (مجازياً) من الغضب
Example: When the boss came to know about the scheme, he went off, shouting and throwing everything away.
Go on
يحدث
Example: What’s going on?!
Go out
يواعد، الخروج مع احدهم بداعي المواعدة والارتباط
Example: They’ve been going out for three years now, but still live apart.
Go out
يخلي به، يتخلى عنه، يفشله
Example: I’d like to help clear the field, but my knee went out on me.
Go over
يباحث، يعيد، يحلل
Example: Please go over the reports to make sure we haven’t missed anything.
Go through
يعاني، يخوض تجربة، يجرب
Example: She’s yet to go through puberty, although she’s already 17.
Go through with
يتماشى مع المخطط، يسير حسب الخطة، ينفذ
Example: If you decide to go through with the surgery, remember to leave time to recover.
Go to
يحضر، يذهب الى، يرتاد
Example: He went to the University of Kansas for almost two years before he dropped out.
Go to
يدعم فكرة سابقة
Example: The study goes to the point I was making earlier about subsidies.
Go towards
يساهم
Example: This money will go towards paying off the debt.
Go under
يفشل، ينهار، يفلس
Example: In the crisis, the company was forced to reduce its costs in order to avoid going under.
Go up
يطلع (بناء)، ينهض
Example: There are new offices going up in town.
Go up
يزداد قيمةً
Example: Bananas have gone up because of a shortage.
Go up
يشتعل، تتصاعد فيه النيران
Example: The building went up in smoke.
Go with
يختار، يقبل اقتراح، يجري مع
Example: Although I liked your suggestion, I’ll go with my original idea.
Go with
يمشي مع، يتناسب مع
Example: Does this red skirt go with this pink blouse?
Go without
يحرم من
Example: The poor man’s children went without supper
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Hang
Hang about
يبقى
Example: If you hang about after the show, you can meet the cast.
Hang on
يمسك، يتمسك بشيء
Example: Hang on to the handle so you don’t drop it.
Hang on
يتشبث، يستمر
Example: Just hang on and keep going; this pain won’t last forever.
Hang out
يتسكع
Example: He hung out with his friends all day yesterday.
Hang over
يهدد
Example: A shadow of doubt hung over my academic future.
Hang together
يكون متماسكاً
Example: The story does not hang together.
Hang up
يعلّق
Example: I hung up my wash on the line.
Hang up
ينهي المحادثة التلفونية، يقفل السكة
Example: When my mother started telling me to be careful over the phone, I threatened to hang up on her.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Hold
Hold up
ينتظر، يؤخر
Example: Hold up a minute. I want to check something.
Hold up
يؤخر احدهم، يعيق
Example: I’ve got to be to work now. Why are you holding me up?
Hold up
يدعم او يرفع
Example: Hold up the table while I slide this underneath.
Hold back
يتحفظ، لا يستخدم كامل قواه
Example: Don’t hold back. Hit it as hard as you can.
Hold down
يقيد، يكبح
Example: You hold him down while I search him.
Hold down
يكمل، يمارس
Example: I held down that job for years.
Hold off
يؤجل او يؤخر بداية شيء
Example: Hold off on baking until I get there.
Hold on
يتمسك، يتشبث
Example: Hold on tightly to the railing.
Hold on
يحتفظ
Example: Hold on to my umbrella while I ride the roller coaster.
Hold on
ينتظر
Example: Hold on while I get my coat.
Hold out
يحتفظ بشيء جانباً
Example: Pack the boxes, but hold out a few blue ones for later.
Hold over
يؤخر، يحتفظ بشيء لوقت لاحق
Example: We will have to hold over these files until tomorrow.
الأفعال الركبة من فعل Let
Let down
يُنزل، يسمح لشيء بالهبوط
Example: They let down the rope and I fastened it to the basket.
Let down
يخذل
Example: I promised him I would meet him there, and I will not let him down.
Let in
يُدخل، يسمح بالدخول
Example: He opened the window to let in the air.
Let off
يسامح، لا يعاقب
Example: The boss let me off for breaking the office window, when in theory she could have fined me about 30 dollars.
Let out
يحرر
Example: The students were let out of school early.
Let past
يسمح لأحد بالتجاوز
Example: This guy is right up on my tail, so I will slow down to let him past.
Let up
ينتهي، يتوقف
Example: The rain shows no sign of letting up.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Look
Look after
يرعى، ينتبه الى
Example: He asked me to look after his daughter while he was away.
Look ahead
يتوقع المستقبل، يتطلع الى الامام
Example: You should forget the past and look ahead.
Look back
يستذكر الماضي
Example: It wasn’t such a bad experience when I look back on it.
Look around
ينظر حوله
Example: We’re interested in buying this house. Can we look around tomorrow?
Look around
يبحث في الارجاء
Example: I can’t find my keys, so I’ll look around
Look down on
ينظر بفوقية الى احد
Example: She looks down on people who haven’t been to college.
Look at
يبحث، يفكر بالأمر
Example: I looked at the possibility of buying a new car, but my current one still runs great and it’s paid off.
Look for
يبحث عن
Example: He spent his life looking for the truth.
Look forward to
يتطلع الى شيء ما
Example: I’m looking forward to the weekend.
Look in
يزور
Example: She looks in on her elderly neighbor every evening.
Look into
يباحث، يكتشف، يفكر بأمر
Example: If you are buying a new car, you might want to look into getting a hybrid or other high-efficiency vehicle.
Look on
يشاهد، يراب
Example: My performance seems somehow always to get worse when there are other people looking on.
Look out
ينظر الى الخارج
Example: Look out, and you will see the rain has stopped.
Look out
ينتبه، يحاذر
Example: While you’re in the city center, look out for the dodgy street vendors.
Look out for
يرعى احد او ينتبه اليه
Example: Marry looked out for her younger sister when she started school.
Look out for
ينتبه، يحاذر
Example: You should look out for pickpockets.
Look to
ينتظر المساعدة من احد، يبحث عن شخص ليساعده
Example: Whenever I’m upset, I look to Mary to cheer me up.
Look up
يتطور، يتحسن
Example: Things started looking up after Jim moved back in with his parents.
Look up
يبحث عن شيء في الأرشيف او الانترنت
Example: I didn’t know what a mitochondrion was until I looked it up in a dictionary.
Look up to
يحترم، يتطلع الى شخص ما كقدوة
Example: A boy should look up to his father.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Pay
Payback
الرد
He hurt me once, it’s time for payback.
Pay Up
يدفع، يتحاسب مع شخص ما عن حساب سابق، او عن رهان
You lost the bet, pay up!
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Put
Put across
يشرح بالتفصيل
Example: All good communicators try to use popular, well-understood examples to put across complex ideas.
Put aside
يخزن، يخبئ
Example: I try to put a few dollars aside each week, just in case I need money in an emergency.
Put away
يضعه جانباً، يرتب
Example: I put the clothes away so as to neaten the room.
Put away
يخزن، يخبئ لوقت لاحق
Example: Preparing for the worst, they put away food for the winter.
Put away
يرسل احدهم الى السجن
Example: After he was convicted, they put him away for 10 years.
Put away
يهزم الخصم
Example: He put away his opponent in the first round.
Put back
يعيد الى مكانه الصحيح
Example: He carefully put the vase back on the shelf.
Put back
يؤخر او يؤجل موعد الى وقت لاحق
Example: The meeting has been put back to 5.00 pm.
Put back
يشرب بسرعة، خاصة الكحول
Example: You’ll need to put that drink back quickly; it’s very nearly closing time.
Put by
يمرر (عملاً معيناً دون ان يشعر احد به)
Example: I managed to put that transaction by accounts payable.
Put by
يخبئ المال، يخزن المال
Example: I have put a few hundred pounds by for a rainy day.
Put down
يهين، يقلل من شأن
Example: They frequently put down their little sister for walking slowly.
Put down
يدفع المال
Example: We put down a $1,000 deposit.
Put down
يقتل (القتل الرحيم)
Example: Rex was in so much pain, they had to put him down.
Put down
يكتب
Example: Put down the first thing you think of on this piece of paper.
Put down
يضيف اسم
Example: I’ve put myself down for the new Spanish conversation course.
Put down
يحدد الاسعار، يقلل الاسعار
Example: BP are putting petrol and diesel down in what could be the start of a price war.
Put down
يضع الرضيع للنوم
Example: I had just put Mary down when you rang. So now she’s crying again.
Put down
يهبط
Example: The pilot managed to put down in a nearby farm field.
Put down
يُنزل احدهم من العربة او المركبة
Example: The taxi put him down outside the hotel.
Put down
يتوقف بشكل نهائي، يضعه جانباً
Example: I was unable to put down The Stand: it was that exciting.
Put down as
يحكم عليه مسبقاً ويتوقع منه شيء وفقاً لعدد قليل جداً من المعلومات
Example: I put him down as ignorant, but then discovered he is, in fact, a university professor!
Put down for
يسجل شخص ما كمساهم او مشارك
Example: Put me down for one of the drivers.
Put down to
يحدد السبب
Example: I put the high crime rate down to the high unemployment.
Put forward
يقترح
Example: The Prime Minister put forward new plans to tackle corruption.
Put forward
يغير التوقيت للأمام (توقيت الانقلاب الصيفي)
Example: Don’t forget that this Sunday we put the clocks forward an hour.
Put in
يضعه في الداخل
Example: Just put in the key for the ignition and turn it.
Put in
يطلب، يسجل
Example: I’m going to the bank to put in for a transfer.
Put in
يشارك، يساهم
Example: I put in an extra hour at work today.
Put in
يصل، يتصل
Example: The ship puts in to port today.
Put off
يؤجل
Example: Don’t put off your homework to the last minute.
Put on
يرتدي
Example: Why don’t you put on your jacket. It’s cold.
Put on
يتصرف بشكل ما
Example: Why are you putting on that silly voice?
Put on
يلعب
Example: I’ll put on your favorite record.
Put out
يٌخرج، يطرد
Example: Don’t forget to put out the cat.
Put out
ينتج
Example: The factory puts out 4000 units each day.
Put out
يجرح او يؤذي، خاصة الكاحل او الركبة او احد المفاصل
Example: Don’t put out your back trying to lift that.
Put out
يطفئ
Example: They worked for days to put out the brushfire.
Put over
يشرح بشكل مفصل وواضح، يوضح
Example: Professor Jones is a good teacher. He knows how to put his ideas over to the students.
Put past
يظن من شخص ما انه يمكن ان بفعل ذلك، يتوقع منه
Example: Would he go so far as to call the police? I wouldn’t put it past him.
Put through
يتواصل
Example: Please hold the line a moment while I put you through to the sales office.
Put through
يسبب له الأذى او ان يقع في شيء ما
Example: After all the grief my wife has put me through, I wonder why I’m still with her.
Put to
يعرض شيء، او يسأل سؤال
Example: I’ll put it to the committee and see what they say.
Put forward
يعرض او يقترح
Example: He rejected all the proposals put forward by the committee.
Put together
يجمع، يبني من عدة اشياء
Example: We’ll need to put together a plan if we want to get this project finished.
Put towards
يساهم مادياً
Example: We each put £5 towards her leaving present.
Put up with
يتحمل
Example: I put up with a lot of nonsense, but this is too much.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Take
Take aback
يفاجئ، يصدم
Example: The bad news took us aback.
Take after
يشابه
Example: He takes after his mother.
Take against
يكره
Example: He took against me when I was promoted over him.
Take apart
يجزئ الشيء الى اجزاء
Example: I took the radio apart to find out what was wrong.
Take aside
يأخذ احدهم جانباً
Example: I was immediately taken aside by the manager.
Take away
يزيل شيء او يضعه جانباً ليرتب
Example: Mother took our plates away and came back with some fruit for us to eat.
Take away
يزيل شيء او يخفه
Example: The teacher took my mobile phone away until the end of the lesson.
Take away
يمحي، ينقص، يزيل
Example: If I have five apples and you take away two, how many do I have left?
Take away
يترك لأحدهم الذكرى او الانطباع
Example: I took away the impression that the play was under rehearsed.
Take away
يأخذ احدهم لمكان ما
Example: The police took him away for questioning.
Take away
يمنع، يحدد امكانيات
Example: My job takes me away from home most weekends.
Take away from
يأخذ شيء من جودته
Example: Even the rain couldn’t take away from the excitement of the match.
Take back
يسحب كلامه
Example: No, you are not fat; I take it all back.
Take back
يعيد للذكرى
Example: That tune takes me back to my childhood.
Take back
يستعيد علاقة مع شخص
Example: She has forgiven him, and taken him back.
Take back
يستعيد ملكية شيء
Example: The wedding is off, and he has taken back the ring.
Take back
يعيد
Example: Take back faulty goods to the shop where you bought them.
Take down
ينزل، يزيل من مكانه
Example: He took down the picture and replaced it with the framed photograph.
Take down
ينزل من مكانه
Example: We need to take down the curtains to be cleaned.
Take down
يكتب كملاحظة
Example: If you have a pen, you can take down my phone number.
Take down
يفكك
Example: When everything else is packed, we can take down the tent.
Take for
يعتبر
Example: Does he take me for a fool?
Take for
يظن خطئاً
Example: Sorry, I took you for someone else.
Take for
يسرق
Example: Pinkett angry that George betrayed trust, took him for $100K.
Take in
يعمل في المنزل، يجلب عملاً اضافياً
Example: In hard times, some women would take in washing and others dressmaking repairs.
Take in
يصغر، يقصّر
Example: Try taking the skirt in a little around the waist.
Take in
يستوعب
Example: I was so sleepy that I hardly took in any of the lecture.
Take in
يخدع
Example: Everyone was taken in by his practical joke.
Take it away
يبدأ، خاصة عرض او أداء تقديمي
I’d like to introduce Mumbo the Magnificent and his dancing parrot, Tiddles. Take it way, Mumbo!
Take it out in
يقبل كدفعة
Example: I convinced him to take it out in barter instead of cash.
Take it out on
يغضب من الشخص الغير مناسب، يخرج غضبه على احد
Example: Don’t take it out on your husband if you had trouble with your boss at work.
Take it upon oneself
يعد نفسه، يأخذ عهداً على نفسه
Example: She took it upon herself to manage the project.
Take off
يزيل، عادة ثياب، يخلع
Example: It was hot so I took my jacket off.
Take off
يقلد
Example: They love to take off all the politicians’ mannerisms.
Take off
يصعد الى الجو، ينطلق
Example: The plane has been cleared to take off from runway 3.
Take off
يزدهر، ينجح
Example: The business has really taken off this year and has made quite a profit.
Take off
يغادر
Example: I’m going to take off now.
Take off
يعد
Example: I’ll take off the concrete and steel for this construction project.
Take off
يأخذ إجازة او عطلة او غياب
Example: If you take off for Thanksgiving you must work Christmas and vice versa.
Take on
يجلب، يقدم
Example: The ship took on cargo in Norfolk yesterday.
Take on
يظهر
Example: In the dark, the teddy bear took on the appearance of a fearsome monster.
Take on
يأخذ مسؤولية شيء
Example: I’ll take on the project if no one else will.
Take on
يحاول مباراة او هزيمة شخص ما
Example: I don’t recommend taking on that bully, since he’s bigger than you are.
Take out
يزيل
Example: Please take out the trash before the whole house starts to smell.
Take out
يواعد
Example: Let me take you out for dinner.
Take over
يأخذ مسؤولية شيء من احد، يستولي على
Example: He will take over the job permanently when the accountant retires.
Take over
يُريح احد، يأخذ عنه المسؤولية لبعض الوقت
Example: If you will take over driving, I’d like to get some sleep.
Take over
يشتري ملكية شركة ما
Example: Acme Motors is to take Jetcar Industries over this week, if all goes as planned.
Take over
يغزو، يستعمر
Example: Ancient Rome took over lands throughout the known world.
Take over
يزدهر، ينجح اكثر من الاخرين
Example: Tiger Woods has taken over as the top golfer.
Take pity
يشفق على احد
Example: Someone please take pity on that homeless man in the rain and give him a place to stay overnight.
Take to
يتعلم، يصبح ماهراً في شيء
Example: She took to swimming like a fish.
Take to
يدخل غمار
Example: As the train rushed through, thousands of birds took to the air at once.
Take to
يبدأ عادة جديدة
Example: After the third one was rejected, she took to asking the department to check the form before she submitted it.
Take up
يرفع
Example: The reel automatically took up the slack.
Take up
يبدأ بشكل مستمر
Example: I’ve taken up knitting.
Take up
يعالج مشكلة
Example: Let’s take this up with the manager.
Take up
يشغل مكاناً
Example: The books on finance take up three shelves.
Take up
يقصّر (بالخياطة)
Example: If we take up the sleeves a bit, that shirt will look much better on you.
Take up
يقبل (صفقة، اقتراح)
Example: Shall we take them up on their offer to help us move?
Take up
يعود مجدداً
Example: Let’s take up where we left off.
Take up with
ينشئ علاقة وثيقة مع احد
Example: I hear that John has taken up with Jane.
Take upon oneself
يأخذ على عاتقه
Example: That’s an awful lot of work to take upon yourself.
Take through
يشرح شيء
Example: Stop by, and I’ll take you through the new headquarters
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Turn
Turn against
يناهض، يعاكس، ينقلب على
Example: They turned against their leader.
Turn around
الاستدارة الفيزيائية 360 درجة
Example: Turn around once or twice so I can see your new dress.
Turn around
تغيير الاتجاه عكس الاتجاه السابق
Example: She turned her position around and now she is in favor of the merger.
Turn around
ان يقلب النتيجة النهائية
Example: The team really turned it around in the second half for a great win.
Turn around
ينظر للشيء من وجهة نظر مختلفة
Example: Let’s turn that around and look at it from another angle.
Turn around
يقدم، ينتج
Example: We can turn around 500 units by next week.
Turn back
يعود ادراجه
Example: Realising he had forgotten his briefcase, he turned back to the office.
Turn back
يعود الى وضع سابق
Example: Once we take this decision, there’s no turning back.
Turn back
يمنع المرور
Example: The soldiers turned back all the refugees at the frontier.
Turn back
يعيد تعيير شيء الى وضع سابق له
Example: In Autumn we normally turn the clocks back one hour.
Turn down
يرفض، ينكر
Example: He turned down all our offers of help.
Turn down
يخفف القوة او الطاقة او الحرارة
Example: When it starts to boil, turn down the heat to a simmer.
Turn in
يعطي، يسلّم
Example: He turned in his paperwork to the main office.
Turn in
يستسلم، يسلّم شخصاً للعدالة
Example: The thief finally turned himself in at the police station.
Turn in
ينام، يخلد للنوم
Example: I’m tired, so I think I’ll turn in early tonight.
Turn into
يتحول الى، يصبح
Example: The carriage turned into a pumpkin at midnight.
Turn off
يطفئ
Example: Turn off the machine and unplug it when you leave.
Turn off
ينفّر
Example: Cigarette smoking really turns me off.
Turn off
يغادر او يخرج من الطريق
Example: Turn off at the next exit so we can have lunch.
Turn on
يشغّل
Example: Please turn the lights on so I can see what I’m reading.
Turn on
يشتغل، يبدأ
Example: My computer won’t turn on.
Turn on
يهاجم
Example: Suddenly all his friends turned on him.
Turn out
يصبح في النهاية، ينتهي به الأمر
Example: I had hoped our first meeting would turn out better.
Turn out
يحضر، يظهر
Example: Hundreds of people turned out to see the parade.
Turn out
يطفئ ضوءاً او نار
Example: Turn out the lights before you leave.
Turn out
يظهر، يُعرَف
Example: It turns out that he just made a lucky guess.
Turn out
ينتج، يصنع
Example: The bakery turns out three hundred pies each day.
Turn out
يخرج من الطريق
Example: Turn out at the third driveway.
Turn over
يقلب
Example: Turn over the box and look at the bottom.
Turn over
يعيد، يعطي، يسلّم
Example: They turned over the evidence to the authorities.
Turn over
ينتج، ينهي
Example: They can turn over about three hundred units per hour.
Turn over
ينتج (كمية معينة من المال)
Example: The business turned over £1m last year.
Turn over
يعطي السيطرة، يسلّم
Example: The Giants didn’t turn the ball over in their last four games.
Turn over
يقلب المكان رأساً على عقب (اثناء البحث عن شيء مثلاً)
Example: I’ve turned over the whole place, but I still can’t find my glasses.
Turn to
يتحول الى، ينهار الى
Example: Iron turns to rust in the presence of air and water.
Turn to
يسأل نصيحة
Example: When I’m in trouble, I turn to my pastor to help me.
Turn up
يظهر فجأة
Example: I don’t like people turning up without an appointment.
Turn up
يُظهر
Example: I spent hours in the archives, but couldn’t turn up anything on the alleged criminal.
Turn up
يزيد (يرفع) الحرارة او الإضاءة او الصوت
Example: Turn up the radio and sing along.
Turn up
يقلب
Example: He turned up his collar against the cold.
Turn upside down
يقلب رأساً على عقب
Example: Turn the box upside down and look at the bottom.
Turn upside down
يتفحص
Example: They turned the house upside down looking for the car keys.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Walk
Walk away
ينسحب من مشكلة
Example: Company lawyers told him to walk away from the deal.
Walk away
ينجو من حدث صعب
Example: The football team walked away with a 1-0 victory.
Walk away from
يتخلى عن
Example: He decided to walk away from his job after expressing much dissatisfaction with his boss.
Walk into
يصرم، يصطدم
Example: Mind you don’t walk into that wall.
Walk into
يسقط في فخ (غالباً شيء كان يحاول تجنبه)
Example: You really walked into that one, didn’t you?
Walk it off
يهضم الطعام عن طريق المشي، يتعافى من إصابة صغيرة
Example: It doesn’t feel too bad. Let me walk it off.
Walk out
يرتبط عاطفياً، يواعد
Example: The maidservant has been walking out with the butcher’s man
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Work
Work on
يشكّل، يحسّن
Example: John’s in the studio working on the plans for the new house.
Work out
يحسب
Example: Can you work out how to get to the university by car?
Work out
يفكر بشيء، يعالجه في رأسه، يدرسه
Example: I can’t work these instructions out.
Work out
يمسّد
Example: This is a beta version; we’re still working out the kinks.
Work out
يشكل حل صحيح
Example: These figures just don’t work out.
Work out
ينجح
Example: Are you still seeing John? – No, it didn’t work out.
Work out
يتمرن، يمارس الرياضة بشكل دوري
Example: Wow, you’re looking good! Do you work out?
Work over
يحسن المسودة الأولى
Example: The estimated figures are not bad, but somebody will have to work them over.
Work sb out
يتفهم طبيعة او تصرف احد
Example: He’s so good in fact it seems virtually no one has worked him out.
Work smt off
يتخلص من مشاعره السيئة عبر فعل شيء
Example: He works off nervousness by knitting.
Work sth out
يفهم شيء عن طريق التفكر به
Example: I can’t work him out.
Work sth out
يحل مشكلة
Example: It makes sense to get the taxman to work the figure out.
Work through
يحل مشكلة، يتعامل مع مشكلة (غالباً عاطفية)
Example: He needs to work through some of the guilt he’s feeling.
Work up
يرفع، يحمّس
Example: He worked up the public’s passions to rage.
Work up
يطور
Example: I shall have worked up an appetite with all this heavy work
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Show
Show around
يعرض، يري
Example: The estate agent SHOWED us AROUND the house but we didn’t like it much.
Show in
يأخذ شخصاً ما الى مكتب احدهم، يقوده الى
Example: The secretary SHOWED me IN to speak to the manager.
Show off
يتكبر
Example: The children were SHOWING OFF and irritated me.
Show off
يتفاخر بشيء
Example: He wanted to SHOW OFF his new sound system.
Show off
يُظهر
Example: The shirt really SHOWED OFF his new tie.
Show out
يريه الطريق الى الخارج
Example: Her secretary SHOWED me OUT after the interview.
Show over
يأخذ احداً بجولة حول المكان
Example: He SHOWED us OVER the scene of the accident
Show round
يأخذ احداً بجولة حول المكان
Example: The guide SHOWED them ROUND the historic part of the city.
Show through
يظهر رغم محاولات التغطية
Example: His anger SHOWED THROUGH despite his smile.
Show up
يحضر
Example: Very few SHOWED UP at the meeting.
Show up
يتوضح
Example: The downturn in sales SHOWED UP in the company’s accounts.
Show up
يُحرج
Example: He SHOWED us UP when he arrived drunk and started arguing.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Stick
Stick around
يبقى في المكان
Example: He’s late, but I’ll STICK AROUND for another few minutes before I leave.
Stick at
يستمر رغم التحديات
Example: She found the course very tough but she STUCK AT it and did well in the end.
Stick by
يدعم الآخرين
Example: No one STUCK BY him when the scandal became public.
Stick by
يدهم رأياً او خطة
Example: They are STICKING BY their claims.
Stick down
يكتب دون تفكير
Example: I couldn’t answer the test so I just STUCK anything DOWN that I could remember.
Stick out
يظهر بسهولة، يُلاحظ بسهولة
Example: He’s so much better than the others that he STICKS OUT.
Stick out
يمد جزءاً من الجسد
Example: He STUCK his tongue OUT at me.
Stick out
يستمر بفعل شيء رغم صعوبته
Example: I STUCK it OUT even though I hated every minute of it.
Stick out for
يطالب بزيادة معاش
Example: We’re STICKING OUT FOR a 5% increase.
Stick to
يحافظ على شيء دون تغيير
Example: The Prime Minister decided to STICK TO the original plan despite the criticism in the media.
Stick to
لا يغير
Example: I STUCK TO the path and didn’t take the shortcut.
Stick with
لا يُنسى
Example: The details have STUCK WITH me ever since.
Stick with
يستمر بفعل شيء رغم صعوبته
Example: I STUCK WITH the job though I found it very stressful.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Switch
Switch off
يوقف، يطفئ
Example: I SWITCHED OFF the lights, locked the door and left.
Switch off
يتوقف عن اعارة الانتباه
Example: I was bored and SWITCHED OFF during the lecture.
Switch on
يشغّل
Example: She SWITCHED ON the lights when she entered the room.
Switch on
يشعر بشيء ما
Example: He SWITCHED ON the charm when they arrived.
Switch over
يغير الى مصدر مختلف
Example: We SWITCHED OVER to solar power.
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Tear
Tear apart
يُحزن
Example: People were TORN APART when news of the train crash came through.
Tear at
يشد، يمزق
Example: The fighters TORE AT each other.
Tear away
يمنعه عن القيام بشيء
Example: I had to TEAR him AWAY from the office for dinner.
Tear away
يزيل سطحاً بعنف
Example: The roof was TORN AWAY in the hurricane.
Tear down
يهدم
Example: The estate was TORN DOWN so that they could develop the land into luxury flats.
Tear into
ينقد
Example: She TORE INTO me for losing it.
Tear off
يمزق
Example: She TORE the slip OFF the bottom of the form and sent it with her cheque.
Tear off
يغادر بسرعة
Example: The police TORE OFF in their car after arresting her.
Tear off
يزيل بالقوة
Example: The storm TORE the roof OFF.
Tear off
يزيل تماماً
Example: She TORE OFF the ticket, leaving only the stub.
Tear out
يغادر بسرعة
Example: The sheriff TORE OUT after the escaping criminals.
Tear up
يمزق الى قطع
Example: He TORE the fax UP and threw the bits of paper in the bin.
Tear up
يهدم
Example: They are TEARING UP the old part of town to build a new shopping centre.
Tear up
يدمّع
Example: After hearing the tragic news he TEARED UP and could hardly speak
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Think
Think over
يتفكر بشيء
Example: I’ve THOUGHT it OVER and have made up my mind; I’m going to take the job in Leeds.
Think through
يأخذ بعين الاعتبار
Example: The plan fell through because they hadn’t THOUGHT it THROUGH properly.
Think up
يخترع شيء، يؤلف
Example: I’d better THINK UP a good reason for handing the work in late
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Try
Try back
يعيد مهاتفة
Example: I called but they weren’t in, so I’ll TRY BACK later.
Try for
يحاول الحصول على شيء
Example: I’m going to TRY FOR the job.
Try it on
ينرفز، يضايق، يستفز
Example: The children were TRYING IT ON all night until I lost my temper.
Try it on
يجرب الحصول على شيء
Example: He knew I wasn’t got to let him do it- he was just TRYING IT ON.
Try on
يجرب الثياب
Example: I TRIED the jacket ON before I bought it.
Try out
يفحص
Example: Scientists are TRYING OUT a new drug in the fight against the disease.
Try out
يجرب
Example: I TRIED OUT the program before I bought it.
Try out for
يجرب
Example: He TRIED OUT FOR the baseball team
الأفعال المركبة من فعل Pass
Pass around
يوزع
Example: The teacher PASSED the handout AROUND.
Pass away
يتوفى
Example: Sadly, Georgia’s uncle PASSED AWAY yesterday after a short illness.
Pass by
يمر دون توقف
Example: I was just PASSING BY when I saw the accident.
Pass by
يزور سريعاً
Example: I was PASSING BY her house the other day when I heard about it.
Pass by
يفوت فرصة
Example: The chance for promotion PASSED me BY.
Pass off
يقنع بشيء غير حقيقي
Example: I managed to PASS OFF the fake money in the market.
Pass off
يحدث، يمر
Example: The demonstration PASSED OFF peacefully.
Pass on
يوصل
Example: I’ll PASS the message ON when she gets here.
Pass on
يرفض فرصة او دعوة
Example: I think I’ll PASS ON dinner tonight- I’m not hungry.
Pass on
يتوفى، يموت
Example: Her husband PASSED ON last year.
Pass on to
ينتقل الى موضوع مختلف
Example: Let’s PASS ON TO the next item on the agenda.
Pass out
يفقد وعيه، يغمى عليه
Example: He got so drunk that he PASSED OUT.
Pass out
يوزع
Example: The protesters PASSED OUT leaflets to the growing crowd.
Pass over
يتجاهل
Example: Let’s PASS OVER what they said and get on.
Pass round
يوزع للحاضرين
Example: They PASSED ROUND copies of the handbook.
Pass through
يمر بسرعة
Example: I didn’t see much as I was only PASSING THROUGH the town.
Pass to
يعطي المسؤولية او الملكية
Example: The shares PASSED TO his daughter when he died.
Pass to
يصبح مالكاً او مسؤولاً
Example: The property will PASS TO her when they die.
Pass up
يرفض فرصة
Example: She PASSED UP the opportunity to go to university because she’d been offered a job.
كانت هذه أهم الأفعال المركبة في اللغة الإنكليزية، أتمنى لك قراءة ممتعة ومفيدة.
